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Products and Applications
Terahertz (THz) waves are electromagnetic waves that lie between microwaves and infrared radiation, characterized by high frequency stability and short pulse durations. The photoconductive effect refers to the increase in a material’s electrical conductivity upon illumination, driven by the generation of photo‑generated charge carriers. By exploiting this effect, a periodic sequence of optical pulses—known as an optical frequency comb—can be injected into a photoconductive material, generating a corresponding periodic train of current pulses and, consequently, producing electromagnetic waves in the terahertz range. Optical frequency comb–based injection into photoconductors can efficiently generate high‑quality terahertz (THz) waves.
Ultra-low‑phase‑noise microwave sources are of critical importance for satellite communications, radar detection, precision measurements, and synchronization systems. At present, the most mature technique for generating stable microwave signals relies on up-converting a radio‑frequency signal derived from a oven‑controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO). However, this approach inevitably leads to secondary amplification of additional phase noise.
Laser-based time and frequency transfer is a high-precision technique for transmitting time and frequency information, leveraging lasers as carriers. Optical frequency combs exhibit exceptional stability and accuracy, with extremely short pulse rise times. Using an optical frequency comb as the carrier enables time synchronization with sub-nanosecond precision. This technology finds critical applications in clock comparison, timekeeping and timing distribution, navigation and positioning, radar networking, deep-space exploration, particle-accelerator synchronization, and gravitational-wave detection.
An optical clock is a device that measures time by exploiting transitions of atoms or ions in the optical frequency range, achieving precision far surpassing that of current microwave‑based atomic clocks. It serves as the gold standard for timekeeping and represents the pinnacle of technological advancement. The operating principle of an optical clock involves locking a femtosecond laser frequency comb to an optical frequency standard, enabling ultra‑high‑precision time measurement. Advances in this technology hold the promise of making optical clocks the future reference for redefining the second. As the technology continues to evolve, the accuracy of optical clocks is steadily improving, with potential applications in fundamental physics research, global navigation satellite systems, and precision metrology.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the rapid and continuous advances in precision industrial manufacturing and space technologies have imposed stringent requirements on both the accuracy and scale of absolute distance measurement. Many large-scale precision metrology tasks—such as measuring the inner and outer diameters of sizable workpieces, positioning large communication antennas, and forming satellite constellations—demand absolute distance measurements with sub-micron, or even nanometer-level, precision over ranges spanning from a few meters to several kilometers—precisions that traditional laser‑based methods struggle to achieve.
Optical frequency combs can generate a series of equally spaced, highly stable frequency lines. Consequently, in the field of biochemical‑material detection, they enable highly sensitive and selective spectroscopic analysis. By examining the absorption or emission characteristics of biochemical substances at specific frequencies, both qualitative and quantitative analyses can be performed. Moreover, because the measurement process does not alter or damage the sample, optical frequency comb–based detection is nondestructive, endowing it with significant applications in spectroscopy. Additionally, thanks to their exceptional frequency stability and ultra‑low phase noise, optical frequency combs exhibit high sensitivity when detecting weak signals, making them well suited for the analysis of trace amounts of biochemical substances.
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