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Products and Applications
Terahertz (THz) waves are electromagnetic waves situated between microwaves and infrared radiation, characterized by high frequency stability and short pulse duration. The photoconductive effect refers to the phenomenon whereby the electrical conductivity of certain materials increases upon illumination with light, due to the generation of photogenerated charge carriers. By exploiting this effect, a sequence of periodic optical pulses—known as an optical frequency comb—can be injected into a photoconductive material, thereby generating a corresponding sequence of periodic current pulses and, in turn, producing electromagnetic waves in the THz frequency range. The use of an optical frequency comb for photoconductive excitation can efficiently generate high-quality THz waves.
Ultra-low phase-noise microwave sources are critical for satellite communications, radar detection, precision metrology, and synchronization systems. Currently, the most mature technique for generating stable microwave signals is frequency upconversion of radio-frequency signals derived from a oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO). However, this approach inevitably leads to secondary amplification of the added phase noise.
Laser-based time and frequency transfer is a high-precision technique for transmitting time and frequency information, in which lasers serve as the carrier wave. Optical frequency combs exhibit exceptionally high stability and accuracy, with extremely short pulse rise times, enabling sub-nanosecond-level time synchronization when used as the carrier. This technology finds critical applications in clock comparison, timekeeping and time dissemination, navigation and positioning, radar networking, deep-space exploration, particle-accelerator synchronization, and gravitational-wave detection, among others.
An optical clock is a device that measures time by exploiting transitions of atoms or ions in the optical frequency range, achieving far greater precision than current microwave-based atomic clocks. It serves as the gold standard for timekeeping and represents the pinnacle of technological advancement. The operating principle of an optical clock involves locking a femtosecond laser frequency comb to an optical frequency standard, thereby enabling ultra-high-precision time measurement. Advances in this technology hold the promise of making optical clocks the future reference for redefining the second. As the technology continues to evolve, the precision of optical clocks has steadily improved, positioning them to play a crucial role in fundamental physics research, global navigation satellite systems, and precision metrology, among other fields.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the rapid and continuous advancement of precision industrial manufacturing and space technologies has imposed stringent requirements on both the accuracy and the measurement range of absolute distance measurement. Many large-scale precision measurement tasks—such as the inner- and outer-diameter measurements of large workpieces, the positioning of large communication antennas, and the formation flying of space satellites—demand absolute distance measurements with sub-micron, or even nanometer-level, accuracy over measurement ranges spanning from a few meters to several kilometers; a performance that is difficult to achieve using conventional laser-based measurement methods.
Optical frequency combs provide a set of equally spaced, highly stable frequency lines; therefore, in the field of biochemical substance detection, they can be used for highly sensitive and highly selective spectroscopic analysis. By analyzing the absorption or emission characteristics of biochemical substances at specific frequencies, both qualitative and quantitative analyses can be performed. Moreover, because the measurement process does not alter or damage the sample, optical frequency comb–based detection is non-destructive, making it highly valuable for spectroscopic applications. In addition, due to their exceptional frequency stability and ultra-low phase noise, optical frequency combs exhibit high sensitivity when detecting weak signals, rendering them well suited for the detection of trace amounts of biochemical substances.
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